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The Systemd system management daemon was designed to replace current init system inherited from UNIX System V operating systems such Linux and thus making current init system obsolete. It this tutorial we will discuss some systemd basics such as how to start or stop service and see service status using systemctl command. Let's start with little bit of information about our systemd version. Use the below systemctl command to determine systemd version:

 

[root@rhel7 ~]# systemctl --version
systemd 208
+PAM +LIBWRAP +AUDIT +SELINUX +IMA +SYSVINIT +LIBCRYPTSETUP +GCRYPT +ACL +XZ

Next, we use systemctl command to list all currenly running services on our Redhat Linux server system:

[root@rhel7 ~]# systemctl list-units --type=service | grep running
abrt-oops.service          loaded active running ABRT kernel log watcher
abrt-xorg.service          loaded active running ABRT Xorg log watcher
abrtd.service          loaded active running ABRT Automated Bug Reporting Tool
accounts-daemon.service          loaded active running Accounts Service
alsa-state.service          loaded active running Manage Sound Card State (restore and store)
atd.service          loaded active running Job spooling tools
auditd.service          loaded active running Security Auditing Service
avahi-daemon.service          loaded active running Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack
chronyd.service          loaded active running NTP client/server
colord.service          loaded active running Manage, Install and Generate Color Profiles
crond.service          loaded active running Command Scheduler
dbus.service          loaded active running D-Bus System Message Bus
firewalld.service          loaded active running firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
gdm.service          loaded active running GNOME Display Manager
iprdump.service          loaded active running LSB: Start the ipr dump daemon
iprinit.service          loaded active running LSB: Start the ipr init daemon
iprupdate.service          loaded active running LSB: Start the iprupdate utility
ksmtuned.service          loaded active running Kernel Samepage Merging (KSM) Tuning Daemon
libstoragemgmt.service          loaded active running libstoragemgmt plug-in server daemon
libvirtd.service          loaded active running Virtualization daemon
lvm2-lvmetad.service          loaded active running LVM2 metadata daemon
ModemManager.service          loaded active running Modem Manager
NetworkManager.service          loaded active running Network Manager
nfs-lock.service          loaded active running NFS file locking service.
polkit.service          loaded active running Authorization Manager
postfix.service          loaded active running Postfix Mail Transport Agent
rhsmcertd.service          loaded active running Enable periodic update of entitlement certificates.
rpcbind.service          loaded active running RPC bind service
rsyslog.service          loaded active running System Logging Service
rtkit-daemon.service          loaded active running RealtimeKit Scheduling Policy Service
smartd.service          loaded active running Self Monitoring and Reporting Technology (SMART) Daemon
sshd.service          loaded active running OpenSSH server daemon
systemd-journald.service          loaded active running Journal Service
systemd-logind.service          loaded active running Login Service
systemd-udevd.service          loaded active running udev Kernel Device Manager
tuned.service          loaded active running Dynamic System Tuning Daemon
upower.service          loaded active running Daemon for power management
vboxadd-service.service          loaded active running LSB: VirtualBox Additions service

Similarly we can list all services which failed to load during the system's boot time:

[root@rhel7 ~]# systemctl list-units --type=service | grep failed
fprintd.service                 loaded failed failed  Fingerprint Authentication Daemon
rhnsd.service                   loaded failed failed  LSB: Starts the Spacewalk Daemon
rngd.service                    loaded failed failed  Hardware RNG Entropy Gatherer Daemon

If you are interested in all active services available on your system simply execute the above systemctl command without the grep pipe:

[root@rhel7 ~]# systemctl list-units --type=service
...
...
...
systemd-udevd.service           loaded active running udev Kernel Device Manager
systemd-update-utmp.service     loaded active exited  Update UTMP about System Reboot/Shutdown
systemd-user-sessions.service   loaded active exited  Permit User Sessions
systemd-vconsole-setup.service  loaded active exited  Setup Virtual Console
tuned.service                   loaded active running Dynamic System Tuning Daemon
upower.service                  loaded active running Daemon for power management
vboxadd-service.service         loaded active running LSB: VirtualBox Additions service
vboxadd-x11.service             loaded active exited  LSB: VirtualBox Linux Additions kernel modules
vboxadd.service                 loaded active exited  LSB: VirtualBox Linux Additions kernel modules

LOAD   = Reflects whether the unit definition was properly loaded.
ACTIVE = The high-level unit activation state, i.e. generalization of SUB.
SUB    = The low-level unit activation state, values depend on unit type.

68 loaded units listed. Pass --all to see loaded but inactive units, too.
To show all installed unit files use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.

The above command will only list active services. To list all services including inactive services run:

[root@rhel7 ~]# systemctl list-units --type=service --all

Once we have located the service we whish to start, stop, restart or get a status on, we use systemctl command with a following syntax:

systemctl COMMAND SERVICE

So for example to stop our Postfix Mail Transport Agent:

postfix.service     loaded active running Postfix Mail Transport Agent

We can issue a systemctl command:

[root@rhel7 ~]# systemctl stop postfix.service
OR SIMPLY
[root@rhel7 ~]# systemctl stop postfix

Later we can check the status using:

[root@rhel7 ~]# systemctl status postfix.service
postfix.service - Postfix Mail Transport Agent
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/postfix.service; enabled)
   Active: inactive (dead) since Mon 2014-09-15 12:27:09 WST; 5s ago

Depending on the service you are trying to manage you can use various different commands such as stop, start, restart, status, reload, kill etc. Check the manual page of systemctl command to get a full list of commands.


*Source:http://linuxconfig.org/start-stop-and-restart-services-on-systemd-rhel-7-linux-server

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