The First Lifting Machines, (530 BC) Options

[Eua1]

THE FIRST LIFTING MACHINES
(530 BC)



Undoubtadly it would be naive to believe that the hoisting machines were first made in 530 BC. The huge structures at Tirintha, Mykines, the Dragon - houses (=δρακόσπιτα) at Ochis, the megalithic monuments at Mani e.t.c were all made before 530 BC.

However, the first scripts related to the use of lifting machines are aged back to 530 BC, and they refers to the construction of the first temple of the Artemis at Efessos. Vitrouvios expressed his admiration for the hoisting machines that were used by the architect Chersifonas. Later those machines will be studied, in a more extensive way, by the mechanics of Hellenistic Period.

Therefore the year 530 BC is just a notification and not the begining......

Those pulling and hoisting machines bothered all the known mechanics and architects of the Hellenistic Period, therefore we can say that we have an almost complete archive related to them.. Archimides, Ktisivios, Heronas, Vitrouvios, Pappos and many others wrote specified chapters and books about this subject which resulted to the discrimination of those machines (that also were used in theatrical performances for making impression)

There were five kind of hoisting machines:
Levers
The earliest remaining writings regarding levers were provided by Archimedes--behind his famous remark Give me the place to stand, and I shall move the earth stands a correct mathematical principle of levers (quoted by Pappus of Alexandria) and of the various methods possibly used by builders.
Many of our basic tools use levers, including scissors (two class- 1 levers), pliers (two class- 1 levers), hammer claws (one class - 1 levers), nutcrackers (two class - 2 levers), tongs (two class - 3 levers) e.t.c


Pulley
A simple machine consisting of a wheel with a groove in which a rope can run to change the direction or point of application of a force applied to the rope


Double Pulley
It was consisted by a stable one and by an "intepended" one

Pulley Block
Which was an evolution of the pulley


Windlass
That, among other uses, was the manufacture of many weapons such as the ballista


The evolution of all these were reinforsed by many conversions and additions that resulted to the construction of more complicated machines such as those that were using foot - operating wheels for hoist weights.

Although there are no specific reports, someone would, easy, assume that all these lifting machines were used in the construction of monuments, temples, walls and buildings...for instance: the Temple of Artemis at Efesos or the Mausoleum of Alikarnasos e.t.c






[source]"A Note On Ancient Cranes", HIstory Of Technology, by Charles Singer
"La Materiaux De Construction Et La Technique Architecturale Des Anciens Grecs, Paris 1968[/source]

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